Test will not have an essay, but half of it will be thought questions which we have to incorporate our class materials with certain understanding to get it correct.
1. Definition
Prussia: one of many independent states and it later united all German state into "Germany"in 1871by its victory over France
Kaiser: the emperor of Germany, first used after unity
Bismarck: a important person that guide the unification, but forced to retired in 1890
Reichstag: German's govt. body, which has limited influence in military and foreign policy
Socialism: a ideal by Marx that points out worker should be the ruling group
Workers own the mean of production, but they don't have private property and have a miserable; Revolution is inevitable
Revisionist socialism: working class should seek justice though democratic means (negotiate)
"Ballots, not bullets"- this group try to avoid the war as much as possible.
19th cent. Liberals: a group of people who believed in individual freedom and rights, govt. and constitution as the main force in promoting justice, education, and progress, equality and no priviliages, and free trade
Social Class at that time: determine by title not by wealth
Upper: P.174 people w/ “von,” who get money from land, factories…etc.
Middle: everybody from capitalist millionaires (from IR)
Lower: “proletariat” such as factory workers, miners, farm workers
Five
big powers: German,
Russian, France, Britain, Austria
2. German unification and Bismarck
Bismarck tried to make new Germany looked less aggressive to other nations in Europe by assigning many peace treaties. He did not with to see all of these nations allied against German. He put his effort especially on the peace treaty with Russia, which kept German out of two-front war with France, and Austria, which will be German's ally. However, there are still some thoughts that challenged his ideas. People thought they were lagging behind in the establishment of overseas colonies and navy power, especially to that of in British. This expansionists spirit also fostered the war sentiment (w/ France, inevitably) that eventually break the balance. Along with the poverty gap (old class ideas of title and privileges and pressure from socialism movement, Bismarck, in the end, was not in favor of the mainstream and forced to resigned.
3. The new Kaiser, Wilhelm II
He has a hero figure, military badges on his clothes, is a idealized dreamer, and has a severe injury on his arm. As he became German's leader, he not only "expelled" Bismarck and his strategy but also raised tariff over grains, giving lots of influence to the landowning class. But there is a huge lack of unity among the shifts he brought. The conflict in free-trade (liberals vs. landowners), classes (noble & middle class - $ & influence), favor of military (liberals, socialism, and young generation), and identities (old vs. new). Yet, regardless of the difference b/w people, Kaiser continued his "new course" in navy build up and oversea colonizations. Kaiser thought himself as the successor of the Holy Roam Empire, and wanted his whole empire to be admired.
4. Tension Arise
As
3. The new Kaiser, Wilhelm II
He has a hero figure, military badges on his clothes, is a idealized dreamer, and has a severe injury on his arm. As he became German's leader, he not only "expelled" Bismarck and his strategy but also raised tariff over grains, giving lots of influence to the landowning class. But there is a huge lack of unity among the shifts he brought. The conflict in free-trade (liberals vs. landowners), classes (noble & middle class - $ & influence), favor of military (liberals, socialism, and young generation), and identities (old vs. new). Yet, regardless of the difference b/w people, Kaiser continued his "new course" in navy build up and oversea colonizations. Kaiser thought himself as the successor of the Holy Roam Empire, and wanted his whole empire to be admired.
4. Tension Arise
As
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